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如果你想做一個(gè)報(bào)警系統(tǒng),目的恐怕再明確不過(guò)了------你不想讓孩子爬上櫥柜或是冰箱偷東西吃,也不想其他人偷開(kāi)你的鎖柜。當(dāng)然啦,可能你會(huì)想給偷吃食物的寵物拍張照片?;蛘?,你想學(xué)學(xué)美劇《辦公室》里Dwight Schrute所扮演的角色,看看是誰(shuí)把同事的工作材料換成了果凍。那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了,你該怎么做呢?
是的,你可以在櫥柜/冰箱/鎖柜里放上一個(gè)設(shè)備,一旦它監(jiān)測(cè)到有動(dòng)靜,就會(huì)拍一張照片然后發(fā)送到你的電子郵件里。還有如果你會(huì)IFTTT(讓互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為你服務(wù))的話,甚至可以自動(dòng)把那些“小偷們”的照片發(fā)到社交媒體上,讓全世界看看他們的臉。
首先,讓我們先來(lái)欣賞一下小哥浮夸的演技:
這個(gè)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目,由一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)傳感器(PIR),一個(gè)攝像頭,以及一個(gè)支持無(wú)線Wi-Fi連接設(shè)備組成。筆者選擇了Arduino Yún,因?yàn)樗浅R子谑褂?,還能輕松配置無(wú)線Wi-Fi,而且如果你想換成RaspberryPi,也很容易。當(dāng)然啦,如果你使用RaspberryPi的話,Wi-Fi配置可能會(huì)略微麻煩一些,因?yàn)樗仨氁B接到一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)上才能進(jìn)行配置操作,而使用Arduino Yún就相對(duì)輕松多了,任何人都可以在上面直接配置。這個(gè)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目其實(shí)非常簡(jiǎn)單,即便你沒(méi)有什么焊接/電氣方面的技巧,也能在幾分鐘時(shí)間里輕松完成組裝。廢話不多說(shuō),趕緊來(lái)看看怎么做吧。
第一步 Arduino基本配置
首先,你需要配置自己的Arduino Yún網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)置,如果你按照教程一步步操作,其實(shí)非常簡(jiǎn)單。 點(diǎn)擊查看教程.
完成配置之后,你需要測(cè)試Arduino的連接狀況。打開(kāi)瀏覽器,輸入http://arduino.local,然后即能看到Arduino網(wǎng)頁(yè)界面了。
如果一切操作正常,打開(kāi)SSH會(huì)話。
$ sshroot@arduino.local
默認(rèn)密碼是:“arduino”。
然后,讓我們來(lái)安裝一些有用的軟件包
$opkg update
$opkg install openssh-sftp-server
那么,為什么要安裝“openssh-sftp-server”呢?因?yàn)檫@個(gè)軟件包可以讓你從Arduino上面輕松上傳或下載文件。現(xiàn)在,你可以使用一個(gè)通用的SFTP客戶端,比如filezilla,transmit,或是cyberduck等等,這樣就不用輸入麻煩的SCP命令來(lái)進(jìn)行文件傳輸了。
然后,為了兼容Python,我們還需要安裝一個(gè)SSL支持包(感謝sbkirby!)。因?yàn)樵谀J(rèn)軟件包里,并沒(méi)有包含這個(gè)軟件支持包。
$opkg update
$opkg install python-openssl
筆者墻裂推薦你可以在Arduino Yún上插一個(gè)SD卡(如果你有一個(gè)的話),Arduino Yún設(shè)備會(huì)自動(dòng)分配文件路徑,地址是mnt/sda1。
然后,我們要在Arduino Yún上面安裝USB攝像頭和USB聲卡。
第二步 安裝并測(cè)試USB攝像頭
通過(guò)opkg套件管理系統(tǒng),已經(jīng)有支持Linino的UVC軟件包了,因此安裝攝像頭可以說(shuō)是非常簡(jiǎn)單的一個(gè)步驟。是需要通過(guò)ssh連接到Y(jié)ún上面,然后輸入:
$ opkg update
$ opkg install kmod-video-uvc
就可以了。
不過(guò)我們還需要一個(gè)可以拍照片的軟件,筆者使用過(guò)一款容量極小,但又非常便于使用的拍照軟件fswebcam,按照如下命令,安裝即可。
$ opkg install fswebcam
第三步 拍攝你的第一張照片
首先要確保你使用了SD卡作為存儲(chǔ),否則Arduino內(nèi)存會(huì)很快就被耗盡。好了,如果你正在使用SD存儲(chǔ)卡的話,你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)能夠看到它的安裝路徑地址了/mnt/sda1.如果你還沒(méi)有使用,那么請(qǐng)將FAT32格式的SD卡插入到設(shè)備的SD卡插槽里面,并重啟你的Arduino設(shè)備。
現(xiàn)在,請(qǐng)把攝像頭插進(jìn)設(shè)備的USB端口,然后輸入:
$ cd /mnt/sda1
$ fswebcam test.png
如果一切正常的話,你現(xiàn)在就能拍攝自己的第一張照片啦!注意看看你的SD卡里的內(nèi)容哦,:)
這意味著,現(xiàn)在我們可以通過(guò)Yún’s Bridge庫(kù),在自己的Arduino設(shè)備里面拍照片,按照下面這種操作方式就能實(shí)現(xiàn):
Process.runShellCommand("fswebcam /mnt/sda1/test.png");
第四步 安裝聲卡
在Yún上打開(kāi)一個(gè)ssh會(huì)話,然后輸入:
$opkg install kmod-usb-audio
$opkg install madplay
完成安裝之后,現(xiàn)在Arduino Yún設(shè)備就有了聲卡支持了。筆者只嘗試了下MP3格式的音樂(lè)播放,還沒(méi)有自己錄制一些音頻,但是很快就會(huì)去嘗試下!
如果想要測(cè)試一下聲卡效果,其實(shí)也非常簡(jiǎn)單,你只需在SD卡里復(fù)制一個(gè)MP3音頻文件,然后輸入:
$cd /mnt/sda1
$madplay yoursound.mp3
這意味著現(xiàn)在我們可以通過(guò)Yún’s Bridge庫(kù),在Arduino設(shè)備里面播放聲音了,按照下面這種操作方式就能實(shí)現(xiàn):
Process.runShellCommand("madplay /mnt/sda1/test.mp3");
第五步 電子郵件腳本
現(xiàn)在,我們的監(jiān)控設(shè)備可以拍照片并且支持播放聲音….但是我們還想要更多功能!我們想讓這款設(shè)備能通過(guò)電子郵件發(fā)送文件。
所以,我們?cè)撛趺醋瞿??答案其?shí)非常簡(jiǎn)單….一個(gè)python腳本就能搞定!Arduino Yún整合了Temboo庫(kù),筆者想讓這個(gè)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)更加具有兼容性,因此我們會(huì)使用一個(gè)非常簡(jiǎn)單的python腳本編碼圖像文件,并通過(guò)電子郵件發(fā)送出去。
筆者選擇的電子郵箱是Gmail,但是這個(gè)代碼腳本其實(shí)可以選擇任何支持SMTP服務(wù)器的電子郵箱。
你可以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新文件,稱之為“sendemail.py”,然后把下面這段代碼復(fù)制進(jìn)去,
# coding=utf-8
# Copyright (C) 2014 Stefano Guglielmetti
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
import smtplib, os, sys
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEBase import MIMEBase
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.Utils import COMMASPACE, formatdate
from email import Encoders
#From address, to address, subject and message body
from_address = 'FROM_ADDRESS@EMAIL.COM'
to_address = ['YOUR_ADDRESS@EMAIL.COM']
email_subject = 'Alert!!! Zombies!!! Ahead!!!'
email_body = 'A non dead intruder has been detected and needs to be eliminated!'
# Credentials (if needed)
username = 'EMAIL_LOGIN'
password = 'EMAIL_PASSWORD'
# The actual mail send
server = 'smtp.gmail.com:587'
def send_mail(send_from, send_to, subject, text, files=[], server="localhost"):
assert type(send_to)==list
assert type(files)==list
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = send_from
msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(send_to)
msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True)
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg.attach( MIMEText(text) )
for f in files:
part = MIMEBase('application', "octet-stream")
part.set_payload( open(f,"rb").read() )
Encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"' % os.path.basename(f))
msg.attach(part)
smtp = smtplib.SMTP(server)
smtp.starttls()
smtp.login(username,password)
smtp.sendmail(send_from, send_to, msg.as_string())
smtp.close()
send_mail(from_address, to_address, email_subject, email_body, [sys.argv[1]], server) #the first command line argument will be used as the image file name
現(xiàn)在,你需要把相關(guān)電子郵件設(shè)置做下改動(dòng),如下
#From address, to address, subject and message body
from_address = 'FROM_ADDRESS@EMAIL.COM'
to_address = ['YOUR_ADDRESS@EMAIL.COM']
email_subject = 'Alert!!! Zombies!!! Ahead!!!'
email_body = 'An undead intruder has been detected and needs to be eliminated!'
# Credentials (if needed)
username = 'EMAIL_LOGIN'
password = 'EMAIL_PASSWORD'
# The actual mail send
server = 'smtp.gmail.com:587'
接下來(lái),你可以通過(guò)SFTP(或是SCP,如果你喜歡的話)把這段腳本文件上傳到Arduino Yún的SD卡里,然后再次打開(kāi)SSH會(huì)話,輸入下面這段命令:
$cd /mnt/sda1
$python sendemail.py test.png
幾秒鐘之后,你就會(huì)收到一封電子郵件,附件就是Arduino Yún拍攝的照片,是不是很神奇!
第六步 讓我們搭設(shè)電路板!
別擔(dān)心,這一個(gè)步驟其實(shí)也是非常簡(jiǎn)單的。你根本用不著焊接什么材料,所有部件都能靠組裝完成。筆者使用了這款PIR傳感器,是因?yàn)樗纯煽?,又方便使用。你可以參照下圖來(lái)進(jìn)行相關(guān)操作:
我們已經(jīng)連上了這個(gè)PIR傳感器。如果監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)備發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些動(dòng)作,上面的LED燈就會(huì)打開(kāi)。
第七步 現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候加上Arduino Sketch了
在Arduino IDE上復(fù)制下面這段代碼,然后上傳到你的Yún上:
*
* Switches a LED, takes a picture and sends it via email
* according to the state of the sensors output pin.
* Determines the beginning and end of continuous motion sequences.
*
* @author: Stefano Guglielmetti / stefano (at) mikamai (dot) com / http://jeko.net
* @date: feb 5, 2014
*
* based on the example by Kristian Gohlke / krigoo (_) gmail (_) com / http://krx.at
* http://playground.arduino.cc/Code/PIRsense
*
* stefano guglielmetti (cleft) 2014
*
* released under a creative commons "Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0" license
* http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/de/
*
*
* The Parallax PIR Sensor is an easy to use digital infrared motion sensor module.
* (http://www.parallax.com/detail.asp?product_id=555-28027)
*
* The sensor's output pin goes to HIGH if motion is present.
* However, even if motion is present it goes to LOW from time to time,
* which might give the impression no motion is present.
* This program deals with this issue by ignoring LOW-phases shorter than a given time,
* assuming continuous motion is present during these phases.
*
*/
#include <Bridge.h>
/////////////////////////////
//VARS
//the time we give the sensor to calibrate (10-60 secs according to the datasheet)
int calibrationTime = 10;
//the time when the sensor outputs a low impulse
long unsigned int lowIn;
//the amount of milliseconds the sensor has to be low
//before we assume all motion has stopped
long unsigned int pause = 5000;
boolean lockLow = true;
boolean takeLowTime;
int pirPin = 6; //the digital pin connected to the PIR sensor's output
int ledPin = 13;
Process p;
String imageName;
/////////////////////////////
//SETUP
void setup(){
Bridge.begin();
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(pirPin, INPUT);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(pirPin, LOW);
//give the sensor some time to calibrate
Serial.print("calibrating sensor ");
for(int i = 0; i < calibrationTime; i++){
Serial.print(".");
delay(1000);
}
Serial.println(" done");
Serial.println("SENSOR ACTIVE");
delay(50);
}
////////////////////////////
//LOOP
void loop(){
if(digitalRead(pirPin) == HIGH){
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); //the led visualizes the sensors output pin state
if(lockLow){
//makes sure we wait for a transition to LOW before any further output is made:
lockLow = false;
Serial.println("---");
Serial.print("motion detected at ");
Serial.print(millis()/1000);
Serial.println(" sec");
imageName = uniqueFileName("png"); //generate a new, uniqe file name
p.runShellCommand("fswebcam /mnt/sda1/" + imageName); //takes the picture
while(p.running()); //wait till the process ends
p.runShellCommand("madplay /mnt/sda1/sounds/sirena.mp3"); //play the siren sound
while(p.running()); //wait till the process ends
p.runShellCommand("python /mnt/sda1/sendemail.py /mnt/sda1/" + imageName); //sends the picture via email
while(p.running()); //wait till the process ends
delay(50);
}
takeLowTime = true;
}
if(digitalRead(pirPin) == LOW){
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); //the led visualizes the sensors output pin state
if(takeLowTime){
lowIn = millis(); //save the time of the transition from high to LOW
takeLowTime = false; //make sure this is only done at the start of a LOW phase
}
//if the sensor is low for more than the given pause,
//we assume that no more motion is going to happen
if(!lockLow && millis() - lowIn > pause){
//makes sure this block of code is only executed again after
//a new motion sequence has been detected
lockLow = true;
Serial.print("motion ended at "); //output
Serial.print((millis() - pause)/1000);
Serial.println(" sec");
delay(50);
}
}
}
/* A simple function to generate unique timestamp based filenames */
String uniqueFileName(String ext){
String filename = "";
p.runShellCommand("date +%s");
while(p.running());
while (p.available()>0) {
char c = p.read();
filename += c;
}
filename.trim();
filename += "." + ext;
return filename;
}
十秒鐘之后(校準(zhǔn)時(shí)間),就將開(kāi)始工作,并拍攝照片了?。?!
一切搞定!下面這張照片,就是組裝完成后的效果圖。在GitHub上,有這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的詳細(xì)文檔。
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